92 Other Orbiviruses: Updated Information on African Horse Sickness and Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin.
M. Martinez, B. Rodriguez, J.M. Sanchez-Vizcaino.

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – African horse sickness – Mediterranean region.

93 Current Situation of Bluetongue in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin.
S. Mesman

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Mediterranean region – Legislation – Regulations – European Commission.

94 EUBTNet System and Medreonet Integration.
P. Calistri, L. Savini, A. Cerella, P. Colangeli

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Geographical information system – Disease surveillance.

95 Orbivirus Diagnosis in an Endemic Country.
T. Gerdes

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – African horse sickness – Orbivirus – Diagnosis – South Africa.

97 Two Years of Culicoides Trap Comparison in the Balearic Islands.
R. Del Río, M. Monerris, M.A. Miranda, C. Calvete, D. Borràs, M. Miquel, R. Estrada, J. Lucientes

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Light trap – Island – Spain.

98 Culicoides Trap Comparison in South Africa.
G. Venter, K. Labuschagne, I. Hermanides, D. Majatladi, S. Boikanyo

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Light trap – South Africa.

99 Evaluation of Housing as a Means to Protect Cattle from Culicoides Biting Midges, the Vectors of Bluetongue Virus.
M. Baylis, H. Parkin, K. Kreppel, S. Carpenter, P.S. Mellor, K.M. McIntyre, H. Guis

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Light traps – Housing – Wales.

100 Towards an Online Key for Morphological Identification of Palaearctic Culicoides Species.
B. Mathieu, T. Balenghien, F. Schaffner, J.C. Delécolle, C. Garros, E. Candolfi, C. Cêtre-Sossah

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Animal morphology – Identification – Taxonomy – Palaearctic region.

101 Culicoides.net: Past, Present and Future Directions for Online Information.
P.M. Agapow

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Orbivirus – Databa se – Internet.

102 Ring Trial for Molecular Identification of Palaearctic Species of the Subgenus Avaritia.
C. Cêtre-Sossah, T. Balenghien, J.C. Delécolle, R. Meiswinkel

Mots-clés : Culicoides Obsoletus complex – Trial method – Molecular genetics – Identification – PCR.

103 Spatial Variability in Catches of Culicoides across Farms in the Bala Area of North Wales.
H. Guis, K. Labuschagne, D. Sugden, K.M. McIntyre, M.J. Vilar, M. Baylis

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Capture – Rural environment – Wales.

104 Recent Outbreaks of African Horse Sickness Virus in South Africa.
G.J. Venter, K. Labuschagne, I. Hermanides, D. Majatladi, S. Boikanyo, I. Wright

Mots-clés : African horse sickness virus – Equine encephalosis virus – Culicoides – South Africa.

105 Bluetongue Virus Risk Associated with Wind Streams.
B. Martínez-López, J.M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Culicoides – Risk – Wind – Climate – Model – Spain.

106 Reviewing Vector Competence Studies in Europe: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?
S. Carpenter

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue virus – Vector – Europe.

107 Oral Susceptibility: AHSV Serotypes and Isolates, and Geographic Populations.
G. Venter, I. Hermanides, D. Majatladi, S. Boikanyo, I. Wright

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Africa n horse sickness virus – Bluetongue – Vector – Bite – Disease transmission.

108 Preliminary Studies on Oviposition Site Preferences of Culicoides Imicola.
G. Venter, S. Boikanyo

Mots-clés : African horse sickness – Bluetongue virus – Oviposition – Culicoides imicola – South Africa.

110 Field Studies for Bluetongue and Enzootic Haemorrhagic Disease in Turkey.
A. Ertürk, S.G. Çizmeci, M.F. Barut, A. Allepuz, A. Alba, S. Napp, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Cattle – Turkey.

111 Preliminary Results of Field Studies in Algeria.
H. Madani, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Enzootic haemorrhagic disease – Immunodiagnosis – Morbidity – Algeria.

112 Introduction of Infected Culicoides by Means of Transport or Commodities.
S. Napp, A. Allepuz, A. Alba, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Culicoides – Host – Transport – Risk.

116 Bluetongue 2008–2009: Unusual Cases.
T. Gerdes

Mots-clés : Orbivirus – Diagnosis.

117 A Three Year Overview of Bluetongue in the Netherlands.
P.A. van Rijn

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Serotype – The Netherlands.

119 Current Situation of Bluetongue in Greece.
J. Tsakiris, E. Aronis, M. Sachsamanoglou, P. Petridou, T. Patounis, P. Iliadou, M. Patakakis, S. Doudounakis, O. Mangana-Vougiouka

Mots-clés : bluetongue – Culicoides imicola – Culicoides obsoletus – Serotype – Greece.

120 Serological Investigation of Bluetongue Virus Infection by ELISA in Sentinel Cattle Herds in Tunisia.
S. Sghaier, K. Ben Hamida, A. Dkhil, S. Hammami

Mots-clés : Cattle – Bluetongue – Elisa – Disease survey – Tunisia.

121 Commercialisation of a Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for the Pan-Detection of Bluetongue Virus.
A.E. Shaw, H. Marqardt, A. Lukas, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Diagnosis – PCR.

122 Proposal of a Validation Method for Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction and RT-qPCR Analysis: an Example with Bluetongue Virus.
E. Vandemeulebroucke, K. de Clercq, Y. van der Stede, F. Vandenbussche

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Serotype – PCR.

123 Control Measures for Bluetongue in Portugal.
R. Amador, S. Quintans

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Disease control – Serotype – Portugal.

124 Regional Surveillance of Virus Activity and Vaccination.
A. Giovannini, J.M. Sanchez-Vizcaino, A. Allepuz Palau

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – African horse sickness – Epizootic haemorrhagic disease – Surveillance.

126 Host-Location and Flight Behaviour in Culicoides in the United Kingdom: Current Status of Work and Possible Future Directions.
S. Carpenter, A. Wilson, C. Sanders, J. Barber, E. Denison, L. Harrup, E. Veronesi, N. Golding, P. Mellor

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Semiochemicals – Behaviour – Disease surveillance – United Kingdom.

127 Culicoides Imicola as a Vector of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8.
G. Venter, I. Wright, R. Del Rio, D. Majatladi, S.K. Hermanides, M.A. Miranda-Chueca

Mots-clés : Culicoides imicola – Bluetongue virus – Serotype – Vector.

128 What Is New about the Culicoides Identification Freeware?
B. Mathieu, D. Chavernac, J.C. Delécolle, T. Balenghien, C. Garros, E. Candolfi, C. Cêtre-Sossah

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Determination of species – Vector – Animal morphology.

129 Distribution and Abundance of Biting Midges, the Potential Vectors of Bluetongue, in Switzerland.
C. Kaufmann, F. Schaffner, A. Tschuor, A. Mathis

Mots-clés : Culicoides – distribution – Switzerland.

130 Culicoides.NET: an Online Database for Insect Vector Taxonomy.
A. Wilson, S. Carpenter, H. Lilian Tang, A. Marinos, P. Krause, P. Mellor

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Database – World Wide Web – Taxonomy.

131 Standardization of DNA Barcoding Techniques to Identify Culicoides Species in Europe.
C. Paredes-Esquivel, C. Garros, C. Cêtre-Sossah, M.A. Miranda, R. Del Río

Mots-clés : Culicoides – DNA – Cytochrome oxidase.

132 World Health Organisation Test Applied on Culicoides: a Multicentric Study.
R. Venail, B. Mathieu, M.-L. Setier-Rio, T. Balenghien

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Deltamethrin.

133 Bluetongue and Culicoides spp. Distribution between 2005 and 2008 in Portugal.
T. Nunes, I. Fonseca, F. Baptista, H. Martins, C. Agrela Pinheiro, J. Lucientes, F. Boinas

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue – Portugal.

134 Virus Recovery Rates in Orally-Infected Culicoides Imicola in South Africa.
R. Del Rio, G.J. Venter, M.A. Miranda, C. Paredes-Esquivel, J. Lucientes, C. Calvete, R. Estrada

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue virus – Viral replication – Disease transmission – Vector-borne disease.

135 Vector Competence of British Culicoides Species for Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8.
N. Golding, T. Balenghien, P. Mellor, J. Barber, E. Veronesi, S. Carpenter

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue virus – Serotype – Vector.

136 Interaction between Orbiviruses and their Culicoides Vectors.
E. Veronesi, P.P.C. Mertens, P. Mellor, K. Darpel, S. Maan, N. Maan, K. Nomikou, A. Shaw, S. Carpenter

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Orbivirus – Vector.

137 Entomological Surveillance of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Vector of Bluetongue in Tunisia.
S. Sghaier, S. Hammami, M. Hammami, A. Dkhil, J.C. Delécolle

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue – Surveillance – Tunisia.

138 Light Trap Collection Comparisons.
G. Venter, K. Labuschagne, J. Liebenberg, K. Hermanides, S. Boikanyo, D. Majatladi, T. van der Linde

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Trap – South Africa.

139 Comparison of the Efficacy of Four Light Trap Models for the Collection of Culicoides Biting Midges in Germany.
C. Probst, H. Kampen, D. Werner, J. Gethmann, F.J. Conraths, M. Beer

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Light trap – Germany.

140 Biting Midges (Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) Recorded from Farms in Sweden.
S.A. Nielsen, B.O. Nielsen, J. Chirico

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue – Sweden.

141 Entomological Surveillance of Bluetongue in Algeria.
M. Djerbal, J.C. Delécolle

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Disease surveillance – New species – Algeria.

142 Investigation of Saliva Proteins from Different Culicoides Species and their Interaction with the Bluetongue Virus Particle.
K.E. Darpel, K.F. Langner, G. Venter, L. Hunt, D. Kurian, A.C. Potgieter, H. Attoui, P. Mellor, H.H. Takamatsu, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Saliva – Bluetongue virus.

143 Ring Trials on Obsoletus Complex Species.
C. Cêtre-Sossah, T. Balenghien, C. Garros, I. Rakotoarivony, J.C. Delécolle, R. Meiswinkel

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Molecular genetics – Identification – Obsoletus complex – PCR – Laboratory diagnosis.

144 Micro-Array as a Molecular Identification Tool for Culicoides.
J.C. de Witte, I. Deblauwe, G. de Deken, R. de Deken, M. Madder, D. Geysen

Mots-clés : Culicoides – DNA – Identification.

145 Surveillance of Biting Midges: Determining Vector-Free Periods in Switzerland from 2007 to 2009.
F. Schaffner, C. Kaufmann, H.P. Schwermer, A. Mathis

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Disease surveillance – Vectorborne disease – Switzerland.

147 The European Food Safety Authority Panel on Animal Health and Welfare Scientific Opinions on Bluetongue (2007–2008).
A. Afonso

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Disease control – Vector – Vaccine.

148 Molecular Epidemiology of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 9 in the Mediterranean Region.
K. Nomikou, S. Maan, N.S. Maan, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Serotype – Disease surveillance – Mediterranean region.

149 Identification and Characterization of Orbivirus Isolates from La Réunion and Martinique Islands.
D. Vitour, C. Sailleau, E. Breard, S. Zientara

Mots-clés : Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus – Bluetongue virus – Serotype – La Réunion – Martinique Island.

150 Reverse Genetics for Double-Stranded RNA Viruses.
H. Attoui, F. Mohd Jaafar, S. Maan, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Reverse genetics – dsRNA – Virus.

151 Genetic Characterization of Tilligerry and Mitchell River Viruses.
M. Belaganahalli, S. Maan, P. P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Tilligerry virus – Mitchell River virus – Orbivirus.

152 Development of Novel Diagnostic Assays for Orbiviral Diseases of Domestic and Wild Animals.
S. Maan, N.S. Maan, K. Bankowska, A.C Potgieter, K. Nomikou, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Orbivirus – Bluetongue virus – Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus – African horse sickness virus – Equine encephalosis virus – Peruvian horse sickness virus – Diagnosis.

154 Modelling Bluetongue Vector Occurrence Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques.
H. Martins, T. Nunes, F. Boinas

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Vector – Spatial distribution – Remote sensing.

155 Bulgarian National BTV Surveillance Programme: Field Studies and Risk Assessment in 2009.
G. Georgiev, N. Nedelchev, L. Polihronova

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Disease surveillance – Risk assessment – Bulgaria.

156 Seroprevalence of Different Orbiviruses in Algerian Domestic Animals.
H. Madani, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus – Disease prevalence – Algeria.

157 Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease: European Food Safety Authority Assessment on the Risks of Introduction and Spread in Europe.
A. Afonso

Mots-clés : Disease transmission – Risk assessment – Europe

158 Quantitative Assessment of the Risk of Bluetongue by Culicoides Introduced via Transport and Trade Networks.
S. Napp, P. Calistri, A. Giovannini, S. Gubbins, I. García-Bocanegra, A. Alba, A. Allepuz, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue – Disease transmission – Risk assessment – Transport.

159 Quantitative Assessment of the Probability of Bluetongue Virus Transmission by Semen.
S. Napp, I. García-Bocanegra, A. Alba, A. Allepuz, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Disease transmission – Risk assessment – Semen.

160 Quantitative Assessment of the Probability of Bluetongue Virus Overwintering by Horizontal Transmission in Vectors, Ruminants, or in Both: Application to Germany.
S. Napp, S. Gubbins, P. Calistri, A. Allepuz, A. Alba, I. García-Bocanegraa, A. Giovannini, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue – Disease transmission – Ruminant – Germany.

161 Seroprevalence of Bluetongue in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey.
A. Ertürk, S.G. Çizmeci, M.F. Barut, A. Allepuz, A. Alba, S. Napp, J. Casal

Mots-clés : Cattle – Bluetongue – Morbidity – Turkey.

162 Web-Based Database and GIS to Support Medreonet.
L. Savini, C. Ippoliti, A. Di Lorenzo, A. Conte

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – African horse sickness – Geographic information system.

166 Emergence of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes in Europe. Part I. Description and Validation of Four Real-Time RT-PCR Assays.
F. Vandenbussche, I. De Leeuw, E. Vandemeulebroucke, K. De Clercq

Mots-clés : Bluetongue - Serotype - PCR - Europe.

167 Identification of Reassortant Bluetongue Viruses from the Western Mediterranean Region.
N.S. Maan, S. Maan, K. Nomikou, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Serotype – Europe.

169 Molecular Identification of Palaearctic Culicoides Blood Meals from Different Localities in France.
C. Garros, L. Gardès, E. Viennet, X. Allène, I. Rakotoarivony, T. Balenghien

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Bluetongue – Blood meal – Identification.

170 Presentation of Culicoides (Culicoides) Boyi sp. n. Found in Northern Jutland, Denmark.
S.A. Nielsen

Mots-clés : Culicoides boyi – New species – Animal morphology – Denmark.

171 Past and Future: Morphological and Molecular Biology Studies of Culicoides.
G. Alexandre-Pires, S. Diaz, J. Meireles, F. Boinas, I. Pereira da Fonseca

Mots-clés : Culicoides – Scanning electronic microscopy – PCR.

173 Expression Studies of VP2 and VP5 Outer Capsid Proteins of Bluetongue Virus.
F. Mohd Jaafar, H. Attoui, X.W. Li, O. Alpar, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Protein – Gene expression.

174 A Step Forward in the Development of a Molecular Database for African Horse Sickness Virus.
K. Bachanek-Bankowska, S. Maan, C. Batten, P.P.C. Mertens

Mots-clés : African horse sickness virus – Nucleotide sequence – Database.

176 Portal SIGLA – An Internet Geographical Information System for the Portuguese Bluetongue Entomological Surveillance Programme.
H. Martins, T. Nunes, F. Boinas

Mots-clés : Bluetongue – Culicoides – Disease surveillance – Geographical information system.

177 Risk Assessment for Bluetongue Virus Vector Occurrence Based on Geographical Information Systems and Statistical Modelling.
S.A. Pacheco, Y.M. Vaz, K. Fuchs

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Vector – Disease surveillance – Risk – Geographical information system – Model – Austria.

179 Bluetongue Virus Transmission Model for the Austrian Region of Styria.
A.S.R. Duarte, T. Nunes, Y.M. Vaz, K. Fuchs

Mots-clés : Bluetongue virus – Disease transmission – Model – Austria.